{"id":994,"date":"2016-09-03T14:50:39","date_gmt":"2016-09-03T14:50:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/doktermuslim.com\/?p=994"},"modified":"2016-09-03T14:51:28","modified_gmt":"2016-09-03T14:51:28","slug":"infeksi-virus-zika","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/doktermuslim.com\/infeksi-virus-zika\/","title":{"rendered":"Infeksi Virus Zika"},"content":{"rendered":"

DEFINISI<\/u><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Virus zika adalah virus sinlge stranded RNA, dan termasuk genus flavivirus yang menginveksi\u00a0 dan menimbulkan gejala neurologis. Masa inkubasinya sekitar 3-12 hari. Virus zika di transmisikan melalui antropoda nyamuk aides aidepti, aides africanus dan jenis aides lainnya.<\/p>\n

WHO dan CDC merekomendasikan ibu dengan infeksi virus zika dapat menyusui anak termasuk jika anaknya terkena mikroensefali. Transmisi mellaui air susu belum ditemukan, artinya saat ini dikatakan masih aman.<\/p>\n

\n

TANDA DAN GEJALA KLINIS<\/u><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Tanda dan gejala klinis dari infeksi virus zika adalah adanya ruam kulit (Rash) dengan tipe maculopappular yang tersebar di wajah, badan dan ekstremitas termasuk telapak tangan dan sela-sela jari.<\/p>\n

Gejala ini biasanya muncul 2-7 hari. Gejala lain yang mungkin dapat ditemukan adalah :<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Demam<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Atralgia (meliputi sendi tangan dan kaki)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nyeri kepala retroorbita<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Konjunctivitis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\n

\"virus<\/h3>\n
\n

Virus Zika dan Microencephali<\/u><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Sampai saat ini masih diteliti apakah ada hubungan viruz zika dan mikroensefali. Setelah 6 bulan outbreak di brazil, insidensi mikroensefali meningkat disana. Infant yang lahir dengan congenital microensefali, dan suspek terinfeksi virus zika juga memiliki gejala seperti :<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Gangguan oftalmologis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kehilangan foveal refleks<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chorioretinal macular atrophy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hipoplasia head nervus optikus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Muncul nerve double ring sign<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Pada pemeriksaan fisik, infeksi virus zika pada seseorang dapat ditemukan : pengecilan sirkumferensia (lingkar kepala) pada bayi yang diduga menderita infeksi virus zika.<\/p>\n

\n

KOMPLIKASI<\/u><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Komplikasi dari infeksi virus zika ini diantaranya telah diketahui, Gullain Bare Syndrome, microensefali, dan berbagai kelainan oftalmologis. Juga ditemukan myelitis akut, pada sample yang telah berkunjung pada daerah endemis zika.<\/p>\n

\n

DIFERENSIAL DIAGNOSIS<\/u><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Dalam menegakkan diagnosis, harus dibedakan dengan infeksi virus cikungunya, demam berdarah (dengue), enterovirus, parvovirus, ricketsia infection dan yellow fever.<\/p>\n

\n

PEMERIKSAAN PENUNJANG<\/u><\/strong><\/h3>\n
    \n
  1. Tes serologis :<\/strong> tes serologis dilakukan dengan deteksi dan isolasi RNA virus Zika dengan RT-PCR. Tes terbaik dilakukan pada minggu pertama dan saat kondisi viremia. Jika RT-PCR hasilnya negatif, maka dapat di lakukan tes IgM.<\/li>\n
  2. Tes urin :<\/strong> urin dapat di tes dengan real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) dengan sampel kurang dari 2 minggu.<\/li>\n
  3. Tes infeksi selama kehamilan :<\/strong> deteksi selama kehamilan dapat dilakukan dengan USG, untuk melihat tanda congenital malformation seperti microensefali, dan dapat juga dilakukan dengan amniocentesis untuk evaluasi intrauterin infeksi virus zika.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \n

    TATALAKSANA<\/u><\/strong><\/h3>\n
      \n
    1. Sampai saat ini belum ada pengobatan spesifik dari infeksi virus zika.<\/li>\n
    2. Pengobatan bersifat supportif sesuai dengan gejala yang diderita pasien.<\/li>\n
    3. Demam dan nyeri dapat diberikan acetaminophen.<\/li>\n
    4. Penggunaan NSAID sebaiknya di hindari, untuk meminimalkan reaksi dengan obat yang dapat menyebabkan resiko pendarahan.<\/li>\n
    5. Minum minuman yang banyak untuk menjaga hidrasi cairan tubuh.<\/li>\n
    6. Apabila terdapat komplikasi Guilain bare syndrome dapat dipertimbangkan pemberian IV ig dan plasma pharesis<\/li>\n
    7. Lakukan pencegahan dengan tidak mengunjungi area endemis virus zika, kontrol perkembangan nyamuk dan cegah gigitan dengan mengubur, menutup dan menguras air.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \n

      REFERENSI<\/u><\/strong><\/h3>\n

      Bennett et al. 2015. Principles and practice of infection disease. 8 ed<\/em><\/strong>. Philadhelpia. Elsevier\/saunders<\/p>\n

      Besnard et al. 2014. Evidence of perinatal transmision of zika virus<\/em><\/strong>. French polynesia. Euro surveill.<\/p>\n

      Mlakar et al. 2016. Zika virus assosiated with microencephaly<\/em><\/strong>. N Engl J Med.<\/p>\n

      Sirohi et al. 2016. Structure of zika virus<\/em><\/strong>. Science.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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